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导入 3D 场景

Godot 场景导入器

在处理 3D 资产时，Godot 有一个非常灵活且可配置的导入器。

Godot works with scenes. This means that the entire scene being worked on in your favorite 3D modeling software will be transferred as close as possible.

Godot 支持以下 3D 场景文件格式：

• glTF 2.0 （推荐使用）。Godot 完全支持文本（.gltf）和二进制（ .glb ）格式。

• .blend (Blender). This works by calling Blender to export to glTF in a transparent manner (requires Blender to be installed).

• DAE（COLLADA）：一个比较老的格式，当然完全支持。

• OBJ (Wavefront) format + their MTL material files. This is also fully supported, but pretty limited given the format's limitations (no support for pivots, skeletons, animations, UV2, PBR materials, ...).

• FBX, supported via FBX2glTF integration. This requires installing an external program that links against the proprietary FBX SDK, so we recommend using other formats listed above (if suitable for your workflow).

Copy the scene file together with the textures and mesh data (if separate) to the project repository, then Godot will do a full import when focusing the editor window.

3D asset direction conventions

Godot uses a right-handed, Y-is-up coordinate system, with the -Z axis as the camera's forward direction. This is the same as OpenGL. This implies that +Z is back, +X is right, and -X is left for a camera.

The convention for 3D assets is to face the opposite direction as the camera, so that characters and other assets are facing the camera by default. This convention is extremely common in 3D modeling applications, and is codified in glTF as part of the glTF 2.0 specification. This means that for oriented 3D assets (such as characters), the +Z axis is the direction of the front, so -Z is the rear, +X is the left side, and -X is the right side for a 3D asset. In Blender, this means that +Y is rear and -Y is front for an asset.

When rotating an oriented 3D asset in Godot, use the use_model_front option on the look_at functions, and use the Vector3.MODEL_* constants to perform calculations in the oriented asset's local space.

For assets without an intrinsic front side or forward direction, such as a game map or terrain, take note of the cardinal directions instead. The convention in Godot and the vast majority of other applications is that +X is east and -X is west. Due to Godot's right-handed Y-is-up coordinate system, this implies that +Z is south and -Z is north. In Blender, this means that +Y is north and -Y is south.

Exporting glTF 2.0 files from Blender (recommended)

There are 3 ways to export glTF files from Blender:

• As a glTF binary file (.glb).

• As a glTF text-based file with embedded binary data (.gltf file)

• As a glTF text-based file with separate binary data and textures (.gltf file + .bin file + textures).

glTF binary files (.glb) are the smallest of the three options. They include the mesh and textures set up in Blender. When brought into Godot the textures are part of the object's material file.

glTF embedded files (.gltf) function the same way as binary files. They don't provide extra functionality in Godot, and shouldn't be used since they have a larger file size.

There are two reasons to use glTF with the textures separate. One is to have the scene description in a text based format and the binary data in a separate binary file. This can be useful for version control if you want to review changes in a text-based format. The second is you need the texture files separate from the material file. If you don't need either of those, glTF binary files are fine.

警告

If your model contains blend shapes (also known as "shape keys" and "morph targets"), your glTF export setting Export Deformation Bones Only needs to be configured to Enabled under the Animation export configurations.

Exporting non-deforming bones anyway will lead to incorrect shading.

备注

3.2 之前版本的 Blender 导出的 glTF 文件不会包含放射光纹理。如果您的模型使用这种文字，并且你使用的是较旧版本的 Blender，则必须单独分开导入。

默认情况下，Blender 在材质上禁用背面剔除，导出材质时匹配其在 Blender 中的渲染方式。这意味着 Godot 中的材质会将其剔除模式设置为 Disabled。这会降低性能，因为背面将被渲染，即使它们不可见。要解决此问题，请在 Blender 的材质选项卡中启用 Backface Culling ，然后再次将场景导出为 glTF。

Importing .blend files directly within Godot

备注

This functionality requires Blender 3.0 or later. For best results, we recommend using Blender 3.5 or later, as it includes many fixes to the glTF exporter.

It is strongly recommended to use an official Blender release downloaded from blender.org, as opposed to a Linux distribution package or Flatpak. This avoids any issues related to packaging, such as different library versions that can cause incompatibilities or sandboxing restrictions.

From Godot 4.0 onwards, the editor can directly import .blend files by calling Blender's glTF export functionality in a transparent manner.

This allows you to iterate on your 3D scenes faster, as you can save the scene in Blender, alt-tab back to Godot then see your changes immediately. When working with version control, this is also more efficient as you no longer need to commit a copy of the exported glTF file to version control.

To use .blend import, you must install Blender before opening the Godot editor (if opening a project that already contains .blend files). If you keep Blender installed at its default location, Godot should be able to detect its path automatically. If this isn't the case, configure the path to the directory containing the Blender executable in the Editor Settings (Filesystem > Import > Blender > Blender 3 Path).

If you keep .blend files within your project folder but don't want them to be imported by Godot, disable Filesystem > Import > Blender > Enabled in the advanced Project Settings.

备注

When working in a team, keep in mind using .blend files in your project will require all team members to have Blender installed. While Blender is a free download, this may add friction when working on the project. .blend import is also not available on the Android and web editors, as these platforms can't call external programs.

If this is problematic, consider using glTF scenes exported from Blender instead.

从 Blender 导出的 DAE 文件

Blender has built-in COLLADA support, but it does not work properly for the needs of game engines and shouldn't be used as-is. However, scenes exported with the built-in Collada support may still work for simple scenes without animation.

For complex scenes or scenes that contain animations, Godot provides a Blender plugin that will correctly export COLLADA scenes for use in Godot.

Importing OBJ files in Godot

OBJ is one of the simplest 3D formats out there, so Godot should be able to import most OBJ files successfully. However, OBJ is also a very limited format: it doesn't support skinning, animation, UV2 or PBR materials.

There are 2 ways to use OBJ meshes in Godot:

• Load them directly in a MeshInstance3D node, or any other property that expects as mesh (such as GPUParticles3D). This is the default mode.

• Change their import mode to OBJ as Scene in the Import dock then restart the editor. This allows you to use the same import options as glTF or Collada scenes, such as unwrapping UV2 on import (for Using Lightmap global illumination).

备注

Blender 3.4 and later can export RGB vertex colors in OBJ files (this is a nonstandard extension of the OBJ format). Godot is able to import those vertex colors since Godot 4.0, but they will not be displayed on the material unless you enable Vertex Color > Use As Albedo on the material.

Vertex colors from OBJ meshes keep their original color space once imported (sRGB/linear), but their brightness is clamped to 1.0 (they can't be overbright).

Importing FBX files in Godot

When opening a project containing FBX scenes, you will see a dialog asking you to configure FBX import. Click the link in the dialog to download a fbx2gltf binary, then extract the ZIP archive, place the binary anywhere you wish, then specify its path in the dialog.

If you keep .fbx files within your project folder but don't want them to be imported by Godot, disable Filesystem > Import > FBX > Enabled in the advanced Project Settings.

参见

The full installation process for using FBX in Godot is described on the FBX import page of the Godot website.

单独导出纹理

While textures can be exported with a model in certain file formats, such as glTF 2.0, you can also export them separately. Godot uses PBR (physically based rendering) for its materials, so if a texturing program can export PBR textures they can work in Godot. This includes the Substance suite, ArmorPaint (open source), and Material Maker (open source).

备注

For more information on Godot's materials, see Standard Material 3D and ORM Material 3D.

导出注意事项

由于 GPU 只能渲染三角形，所以包含四边形或 N 边形的网格必须在渲染前进行三角剖分。Godot 可以在导入时对网格进行三角剖分，但结果可能无法预测或不正确，特别是对于 N 边形。无论目标应用是什么，在导出场景之前进行三角剖分会得到更一致的结果，因此应该尽可能地进行三角剖分。

To avoid issues with incorrect triangulation after importing in Godot, it is recommended to make the 3D modeling software triangulate objects on its own. In Blender, this can be done by adding a Triangulate modifier to your objects and making sure Apply Modifiers is checked in the export dialog. Alternatively, depending on the exporter, you may be able to find and enable a Triangulate Faces option in the export dialog.

To avoid issues with 3D selection in the editor, it is recommended to apply the object transform in the 3D modeling software before exporting the scene.

备注

在输出时，网格不会被骨骼变形很重要。在使用您喜欢的 3D 编辑器进行导出之前，请确保将骨架重置为其 T 姿势或默认的放松姿势。

Lighting considerations

While it's possible to import lights from a 3D scene using the glTF, .blend or Collada formats, it's generally advised to design the scene's lighting in the Godot editor after importing the scene.

This allows you to get a more accurate feel for the final result, as different engines will render lights in a different manner. This also avoids any issues with lights appearing excessively strong or faint as a result of the import process.

导入工作流程

Since Godot can only save its own scene format (.tscn/.scn), Godot cannot save over the original 3D scene file (which uses a different format). This is also a safer approach as it avoids making accidental changes to the source file.

To allow customizing the scene and its materials, Godot's scene importer allows for different workflows regarding how data is imported.

Import dock after selecting a 3D scene in the FileSystem dock

This import process is customizable using 3 separate interfaces, depending on your needs:

• The Import dock, after selecting the 3D scene by clicking it once in the FileSystem dock.

• The Advanced Import Settings dialog, which can be accessed by double-clicking the 3D scene in the FileSystem dock or by clicking the Advanced… button in the Import dock. This allows you to customize per-object options in Godot.

• Import hints, which are special suffixes added to object names in the 3D modeling software. This allows you to customize per-object options in the 3D modeling software.

For basic customization, using the Import dock suffices. However, for more complex operations such as defining material overrides on a per-material basis, you'll need to use the Advanced Import Settings dialog, import hints, or possibly both.

Using the Import dock

The following options can be adjusted in the Import dock after selecting a 3D scene in the FileSystem dock:

• Root Type: The node type to use as a root node. Using node types that inherit from Node3D is recommended. Otherwise, you'll lose the ability to position the node directly in the 3D editor.

• Root Name: The name of the root node in the imported scene. This is generally not noticeable when instancing the scene in the editor (or drag-and-dropping from the FileSystem dock), as the root node is renamed to match the filename in this case.

• Apply Root Scale: If enabled, Root Scale will be applied on the meshes and animations directly, while keeping the root node's scale to the default (1, 1, 1). This means that if you add a child node later on within the imported scene, it won't be scaled. If disabled, Root Scale will multiply the scale of the root node instead.

Meshes

• Ensure Tangents: If checked, generate vertex tangents using Mikktspace if the input meshes don't have tangent data. When possible, it's recommended to let the 3D modeling software generate tangents on export instead on relying on this option. Tangents are required for correct display of normal and height maps, along with any material/shader features that require tangents. If you don't need material features that require tangents, disabling this can reduce output file size and speed up importing if the source 3D file doesn't contain tangents.

• Generate LODs: If checked, generates lower detail variants of the mesh which will be displayed in the distance to improve rendering performance. Not all meshes benefit from LOD, especially if they are never rendered from far away. Disabling this can reduce output file size and speed up importing. See Mesh level of detail (LOD) for more information.

• Create Shadow Meshes: If checked, enables the generation of shadow meshes on import. This optimizes shadow rendering without reducing quality by welding vertices together when possible. This in turn reduces the memory bandwidth required to render shadows. Shadow mesh generation currently doesn't support using a lower detail level than the source mesh (but shadow rendering will make use of LODs when relevant).

• Light Baking: Configures the meshes' global illumination mode in the 3D scene. If set to Static Lightmaps, sets the meshes' GI mode to Static and generates UV2 on import for lightmap baking.

• Lightmap Texel Size: Only visible if Light Baking is set to Static Lightmaps. Controls the size of each texel on the baked lightmap. A smaller value results in more precise lightmaps, at the cost of larger lightmap sizes and longer bake times.

Skins

• Use Named Skins: If checked, use named Skins for animation. The MeshInstance3D node contains 3 properties of relevance here: a skeleton NodePath pointing to the Skeleton3D node (usually ..), a mesh, and a skin:

  • The Skeleton3D node contains a list of bones with names, their pose and rest, a name and a parent bone.

  • The mesh is all of the raw vertex data needed to display a mesh. In terms of the mesh, it knows how vertices are weight-painted and uses some internal numbering often imported from 3D modeling software.

  • The skin contains the information necessary to bind this mesh onto this Skeleton3D. For every one of the internal bone IDs chosen by the 3D modeling software, it contains two things. Firstly, a Matrix known as the Bind Pose Matrix, Inverse Bind Matrix, or IBM for short. Secondly, the Skin contains each bone's name (if Use Named Skins is enabled), or the bone's index within the Skeleton3D list (if Use Named Skins is disabled).

Together, this information is enough to tell Godot how to use the bone poses in the Skeleton3D node to render the mesh from each MeshInstance3D. Note that each MeshInstance3D may share binds, as is common in models exported from Blender, or each MeshInstance3D may use a separate Skin object, as is common in models exported from other tools such as Maya.

Animation

• Import: If checked, import animations from the 3D scene.

• FPS: The number of frames per second to use for baking animation curves to a series of points with linear interpolation. It's recommended to configure this value to match the value you're using as a baseline in your 3D modeling software. Higher values result in more precise animation with fast movement changes, at the cost of higher file sizes and memory usage. Thanks to interpolation, there is usually not much benefit in going above 30 FPS (as the animation will still appear smooth at higher rendering framerates).

• Trimming: Trim the beginning and end of animations if there are no keyframe changes. This can reduce output file size and memory usage with certain 3D scenes, depending on the contents of their animation tracks.

• Remove Immutable Tracks: Remove animation tracks that only contain default values. This can reduce output file size and memory usage with certain 3D scenes, depending on the contents of their animation tracks.

Import Script

• Path: Path to an import script, which can run code after the import process has completed for custom processing. See Using import scripts for automation for more information.

glTF

• Embedded Texture Handling: Controls how textures embedded within glTF scenes should be handled. Discard All Textures will not import any textures, which is useful if you wish to manually set up materials in Godot instead. Extract Textures extracts textures to external images, resulting in smaller file sizes and more control over import options. Embed as Basis Universal and Embed as Uncompressed keeps the textures embedded in the imported scene, with and without VRAM compression respectively.

Using the Advanced Import Settings dialog

The first tab you'll see is the Scene tab. The options available in the panel on the right are identical to the Import dock, but you have access to a 3D preview. The 3D preview can be rotated by holding down the left mouse button then dragging the mouse. Zoom can be adjusted using the mouse wheel.

Advanced Import Settings dialog (Scene tab). Credit: Modern Arm Chair 01 - Poly Haven

Configuring node import options

You can select individual nodes that compose the scene while in the Scene tab using the tree view at the left:

Selecting a node in the Advanced Import Settings dialog (Materials tab)

This exposes several per-node import options:

• Skip Import: If checked, the node will not be present in the final imported scene. Enabling this disables all other options.

• Generate > Physics: If checked, generates a PhysicsBody3D parent node with collision shapes that are siblings to the MeshInstance3D node.

• Generate > NavMesh: If checked, generates a NavigationRegion3D child node for navigation. Mesh + NavMesh will keep the original mesh visible, while NavMesh Only will only import the navigation mesh (without a visual representation). NavMesh Only is meant to be used when you've manually authored a simplified mesh for navigation.

• Generate > Occluder: If checked, generates an OccluderInstance3D sibling node for occlusion culling using the mesh's geometry as a basis for the occluder's shape. Mesh + Occluder will keep the original mesh visible, while Occluder Only will only import the occluder (without a visual representation). Occluder Only is meant to be used when you've manually authored a simplified mesh for occlusion culling.

These options are only visible if some of the above options are enabled:

• Physics > Body Type: Only visible if Generate > Physics is enabled. Controls the PhysicsBody3D that should be created. Static creates a StaticBody3D, Dynamic creates a RigidBody3D, Area creates an Area3D.

• Physics > Shape Type: Only visible if Generate > Physics is enabled. Trimesh allows for precise per-triangle collision, but it can only be used with a Static body type. Other types are less precise and may require manual configuration, but can be used with any body type. For static level geometry, use Trimesh. For dynamic geometry, use primitive shapes if possible for better performance, or use one of the convex decomposition modes if the shape is large and complex.

• Decomposition > Advanced: Only visible if Physics > Shape Type is Decompose Convex. If checked, allows adjusting advanced decomposition options. If disabled, only a preset Precision can be adjusted (which is usually sufficient).

• Decomposition > Precision: Only visible if Physics > Shape Type is Decompose Convex. Controls the precision to use for convex decomposition. Higher values result in more detailed collision, at the cost of slower generation and increased CPU usage during physics simulation. To improve performance, it's recommended to keep this value as low as possible for your use cases.

• Occluder > Simplification Distance: Only visible if Generate > Occluder is set to Mesh + Occluder or Occluder Only. Higher values result in a occluder mesh with fewer vertices (resulting in decreased CPU utilization), at the cost of more occlusion culling issues (such as false positives or false negatives). If you run into objects disappearing when they shouldn't when the camera is near a certain mesh, try decreasing this value.

Configuring mesh and material import options

In the Advanced Import Settings dialog, there are 2 ways to select individual meshes or materials:

• Switch to the Meshes or Materials tab in the top-left corner of the dialog.

• Stay in the Scene tab, but unfold the options on the tree view on the left. After choosing a mesh or material, this presents the same information as the Meshes and Materials tabs, but in a tree view instead of a list.

If you select a mesh, different options will appear in the panel on the right:

Advanced Import Settings dialog (Meshes tab)

The options are as follows:

• Save to File: Saves the 网格 resource to an external file (this isn't a scene file). You generally don't need to use this for placing the mesh in a 3D scene – instead, you should instance the 3D scene directly. However, having direct access to the Mesh resource is useful for specific nodes, such as MeshInstance3D, MultiMeshInstance3D, GPUParticles3D or CPUParticles3D. - You will also need to specify an output file path using the option that appears after enabling Save to File. It's recommended to use the .res output file extension for smaller file sizes and faster loading speeds, as .tres is inefficient for writing large amounts of data.

• Generate > Shadow Meshes: Per-mesh override for the Meshes > Create Shadow Meshes scene-wide import option described in Using the Import dock. Default will use the scene-wide import option, while Enable or Disable can forcibly enable or disable this behavior on a specific mesh.

• Generate > Lightmap UV: Per-mesh override for the Meshes > Light Baking scene-wide import option described in Using the Import dock. Default will use the scene-wide import option, while Enable or Disable can forcibly enable or disable this behavior on a specific mesh. - Setting this to Enable on a scene with the Static light baking mode is equivalent to configuring this mesh to use Static Lightmaps. Setting this to Disable on a scene with the Static Lightmaps light baking mode is equivalent to configuring this mesh to use Static instead.

• Generate > LODs: Per-mesh override for the Meshes > Generate LODs scene-wide import option described in Using the Import dock. Default will use the scene-wide import option, while Enable or Disable can forcibly enable or disable this behavior on a specific mesh.

• LODs > Normal Split Angle: The minimum angle difference between two vertices required to preserve a geometry edge in mesh LOD generation. If running into visual issues with LOD generation, decreasing this value may help (at the cost of less efficient LOD generation).

• LODs > Normal Merge Angle: The minimum angle difference between two vertices required to preserve a geometry edge in mesh LOD generation. If running into visual issues with LOD generation, decreasing this value may help (at the cost of less efficient LOD generation).

If you select a material, only one option will appear in the panel on the right:

Advanced Import Settings dialog (Materials tab)

When Use External is checked and an output path is specified, this lets you use an external material instead of the material that is included in the original 3D scene file; see the section below.

Extracting materials to separate files

While Godot can import materials authored in 3D modeling software, the default configuration may not be suitable for your needs. For example:

• You want to configure material features not supported by your 3D application.

• You want to use a different texture filtering mode, as this option is configured in the material since Godot 4.0 (and not in the image).

• You want to replace one of the materials with an entirely different material, such as a custom shader.

To be able to modify the 3D scene's materials in the Godot editor, you need to use external material resources.

In the top-left corner of the Advanced Import Settings dialog, choose Actions… > Extract Materials:

Extracting all built-in materials to external resources in the Advanced Import Settings dialog

After choosing this option, select a folder to extract material .tres files to, then confirm the extraction:

Confirming material extraction in the Advanced Import Settings subdialog

备注

After extracting materials, the 3D scene will automatically be configured to use external material references. As a result, you don't need to manually enable Use External on every material to make the external .tres material effective.

When Use External is enabled, remember that the Advanced Import Settings dialog will keep displaying the mesh's original materials (the ones designed in the 3D modeling software). This means your customizations to the materials won't be visible within this dialog. To preview your modified materials, you need to place the imported 3D scene in another scene using the editor.

Godot will not overwrite changes made to extracted materials when the source 3D scene is reimported. However, if the material name is changed in the source 3D file, the link between the original material and the extracted material will be lost. As a result, you'll need to use the Advanced Import Settings dialog to associate the renamed material to the existing extracted material.

The above can be done in the dialog's Materials tab by selecting the material, enabling Save to File, then specifying the save path using the Path option that appears after enabling Save to File.

Using import scripts for automation

A special script to process the whole scene after import can be provided. This is great for post-processing, changing materials, doing funny stuff with the geometry, and more.

Create a script that is not attached to any node by right-clicking in the FileSystem dock and choosing New > Script…. In the script editor, write the following:

@tool # Needed so it runs in editor.
extends EditorScenePostImport

# This sample changes all node names.
# Called right after the scene is imported and gets the root node.
func _post_import(scene):
    # Change all node names to "modified_[oldnodename]"
    iterate(scene)
    return scene # Remember to return the imported scene

# Recursive function that is called on every node
# (for demonstration purposes; EditorScenePostImport only requires a `_post_import(scene)` function).
func iterate(node):
    if node != null:
        print_rich("Post-import: [b]%s[/b] -> [b]%s[/b]" % [node.name, "modified_" + node.name])
        node.name = "modified_" + node.name
        for child in node.get_children():
            iterate(child)

The _post_import(scene: Node) function takes the imported scene as argument (the parameter is actually the root node of the scene). The scene that will finally be used must be returned (even if the scene can be entirely different).

Using animation libraries

As of Godot 4.0, you can choose to import only animations from a glTF file and nothing else. This is used in some asset pipelines to distribute animations separately from models. For example, this allows you to use one set of animations for several characters, without having to duplicate animation data in every character.

To do so, select the glTF file in the FileSystem dock, then change the import mode to Animation Library in the Import dock:

Changing the import type to Animation Library in the Import dock

Click Reimport and restart the editor when prompted. After restarting, the glTF file will be imported as an AnimationLibrary instead of a PackedScene. This animation library can then be referenced in an AnimationPlayer node.

The import options that are visible after changing the import mode to Animation Library act the same as when using the Scene import mode. See Using the Import dock for more information.

Filter script

可以使用特殊语法指定过滤器脚本, 以决定应保留哪些动画的哪些轨道.

The filter script is executed against each imported animation. The syntax consists of two types of statements, the first for choosing which animations to filter, and the second for filtering individual tracks within the matched animation. All name patterns are performed using a case-insensitive expression match, with support for ? and * wildcards (using String.matchn() under the hood).

脚本必须以动画过滤器语句开头（如以 @ 开头的行表示）。例如，如果我们想要将过滤器应用在所有以 "_Loop" 结尾的导入动画上：

@+*_Loop

类似地，还可以在同一行中添加其他模式，以逗号分隔。下面是一个修改后的例子，它额外包含所有名称以 "Arm_Left" 开头的动画，同时排除所有名称以 "Attack" 结尾的动画：

@+*_Loop, +Arm_Left*, -*Attack

在动画选择过滤器语句之后, 我们添加轨道过滤模式来指示保留或丢弃哪些动画轨道. 如果未指定轨道过滤器模式, 则匹配动画中的所有轨道都会被丢弃！

需要注意的是, 轨道过滤器表达式是按顺序作用于动画中的每条轨道, 这意味着, 一行表达式可能包含某个轨道, 但后续的规则仍然可以忽略它. 同样, 一个被之前规则排除的轨道, 可能被过滤器脚本后续的规则重新包含进来.

例如：包含动画中所有名字以 "_Loop" 结尾的轨道，但忽略任何以 "Control" 结尾的 "Skeleton" 轨道，除非它们的名字中有 "Arm"：

@+*_Loop
+*
-Skeleton:*Control
+*Arm*

在上面的示例中，像 "Skeleton:Leg_Control" 这样的轨道会被丢弃，而像 "Skeleton:Head" 或 "Skeleton:Arm_Left_Control" 这样的轨道会被保留。

任何不是以 + 或 - 开头的轨道过滤器行将会被忽略.

存储

默认情况下, 动画保存为内置. 可以将它们保存到一个文件中. 这允许向动画添加自定义轨道并在重新导入后保留它们.

优化

导入动画时, 会运行优化程序, 从而大大减少动画的大小. 一般情况下, 除非您怀疑动画可能因启用而被破坏, 否则应始终启用此功能.

剪辑

可以指定单个时间轴中的多个动画作为剪辑. 这样做的话, 模型必须只有一个命名为 default 的动画. 为了创建剪辑, 把剪辑数量改成比0大的数. 然后可以修改剪辑名字, 指定开始和结束帧, 选择动画是否循环.

场景继承

In many cases, it may be desired to make manual modifications to the imported scene. By default, this is not possible because if the source 3D asset changes, Godot will re-import the whole scene.

However, it is possible to make local modifications by using scene inheritance. If you try to open the imported scene using Scene > Open Scene… or Scene > Quick Open Scene…, the following dialog will appear:

Dialog when opening an imported 3D scene in the editor

In inherited scenes, the only limitations for modification are:

• Nodes from the base scene can't be removed, but additional nodes can be added anywhere.

• Subresources can't be edited. Instead, you need to save them externally as described above.

Other than that, everything is allowed.

导入提示

很多时候，编辑场景时，导出后需要完成一些常见任务：

• 向对象添加碰撞检测。

• 将对象设置为导航网格。

• 删除游戏引擎中未使用的节点（例如用于建模的特定光源）。

为简化此工作流程，Godot 提供了一些后缀，可以将其添加到 3D 建模软件中的对象名称中。导入后，Godot 将检测到它们并自动执行操作。

警告

All the suffixes described below are case-sensitive.

删除节点（-noimp）

无论是什么类型的节点，具有 -noimp 后缀的对象都会在导入时被移除，不会出现在导入后的场景中。

This is equivalent to enabling Skip Import for a node in the Advanced Import Settings dialog.

创建碰撞体（-col、-convcol、-colonly、-convcolonly）

-col 选项只作用于网格物体. 如果该选项被检测到, 将会添加一个静态碰撞体的子节点, 用的是跟网格一样的几何体. 这会创建一个三角形网格碰撞体, 这个选项对碰撞检测来说很慢但是精确. 这个选项通常是关卡几何体需要的(但是也看看下面的 -colonly ).

The option -convcol will create a ConvexPolygonShape3D instead of a ConcavePolygonShape3D. Unlike triangle meshes which can be concave, a convex shape can only accurately represent a shape that doesn't have any concave angles (a pyramid is convex, but a hollow box is concave). Due to this, convex collision shapes are generally not suited for level geometry. When representing simple enough meshes, convex collision shapes can result in better performance compared to a triangle collision shape. This option is ideal for simple or dynamic objects that require mostly-accurate collision detection.

然而，在这两个例子中，视觉几何体处理过于复杂或对于碰撞而言不够光滑。物理引擎会出现小故障从而不必要地降低了引擎的速度。

To solve this, the -colonly modifier exists. It will remove the mesh upon importing and will create a StaticBody3D collision instead. This helps the visual mesh and actual collision to be separated.

The option -convcolonly works in a similar way, but will create a ConvexPolygonShape3D instead using convex decomposition.

With Collada files, the option -colonly can also be used with Blender's empty objects. On import, it will create a StaticBody3D with a collision node as a child. The collision node will have one of a number of predefined shapes, depending on Blender's empty draw type:

Choosing a draw type for an Empty on creation in Blender

• Single arrow will create a SeparationRayShape3D.

• Cube will create a BoxShape3D.

• Image will create a WorldBoundaryShape3D.

• Sphere (and the others not listed) will create a SphereShape3D.

可能的话，请试着使用少量图元碰撞形状，而不是三角形网格或凸型体。图元形状的性能和可靠性通常更好。

备注

For better visibility on Blender's editor, you can set the "X-Ray" option on collision empties and set some distinct color for them by changing Edit > Preferences > Themes > 3D Viewport > Empty.

If using Blender 2.79 or older, follow these steps instead: User Preferences > Themes > 3D View > Empty.

参见

碰撞体全面概述请查看 碰撞形状（3D）.

创建导航（-navmesh）

具有 -navmesh 后缀的网格节点, 将被转换为导航网格. 原始网格节点将在导入时被删除.

创建 VehicleBody（-vehicle）

A mesh node with the -vehicle suffix will be imported as a child to a VehicleBody3D node.

创建 VehicleWheel（-wheel）

A mesh node with the -wheel suffix will be imported as a child to a VehicleWheel3D node.

刚体（-rigid）

A mesh node with the -rigid suffix will be imported as a RigidBody3D.

动画循环（-loop、-cycle）

Animation clips in the source 3D file that start or end with the token loop or cycle will be imported as a Godot 动画 with the loop flag set. Unlike the other suffixes described above, this does not require a hyphen.

在Blender中, 这需要使用NLA编辑器, 并用 loop 或 cycle 前缀或后缀命名该动作.